Persuasive Essay On Rights Of Nature - 1607 Words

Cedric Quintana Prof Cassidy Litle Eng 122-008 July 15, 2017 Rights of Nature We must take care of our environment by continually educating our youth on natural selection and the four laws of ecology, and supporting environmental movements that recognize the rights of nature. Impacts of climate change are increasingly felt by Earth’s inhabitants including us, humans. The current warming, which is only one degree Celsius, has affected different ecological processes such as â€Å"species’ genetics, seasonal response, overall distribution, and even morphology† (Hance). Species are suddenly disappearing. A study conducted by â€Å"PLOS Biology found that more than 450 plants and animals have undergone local extinctions due to climate change† (Hance).†¦show more content†¦(Martin) We still should maintain that the ecosystem consists of living species, which in their nature have the right to evolve. Significantly, in 2008 Ecuador granted a statutory right on nature in which a sustainable model of progress guarantees the â€Å"conservation of biodiversity and the recovering capacity of ecosystems. For example, â€Å"fish and other species in a river may be recognized as having the right to exist and evolve† (Martin). Ecologists are then pursuing legal protection of nature’s right to evolve. This is an appropriate response to Darwin’s implications of natural selection. But why such law does not seize the attention of the global audience? Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina are the only countries, so far, which embrace the right of nature to evolve (Laitos). Instead, we misuse natural resources which results in health-issues and pollution (Laitos). We also accelerate the nature’s course to evolution through artificial selection or selective breeding. Artificial selection gets in the development of nature, which in turn produces lesser quality of a species. As Darwin puts it: â€Å"How fleeting are the wishes and efforts of man!†, â€Å"How short his time, and consequently how poor will his products be, compared with those accumulated by nature during whole geological periods.† (Martin) In other words, we weaken the art of nature. We selfishly only look at our own interest. Our ownShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. And Henry David Thoreau1311 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussed in American history and philosophy. American citizens expect the authority to work â€Å"for the good of the people† and â€Å"follow in everything the general will†, however, it was not always the case, according to influential American authors and civil rights activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau. 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Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Seven Free Essays

string(22) " hide her golden one\." I didn’t recognize the guy Sydney sent to meet us when we reached Novosibirsk, but he had the same golden tattoo that she did. He was sandy-haired and in his thirties-and human, of course. He looked competent and trustworthy, and as I leaned against the car, he laughed and spoke to the elderly couple like they’d been best friends forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was a professional and reassuring air about him, and soon they were smiling too. I’m not sure what he told them, maybe that I was his wayward daughter or something, but they apparently felt good enough to leave me in his hands. I supposed with their jobs, the Alchemist charm in action. When the old man and woman drove off, his demeanor shifted slightly. He didn’t seem as cold as Sydney initially had, but there was no laughing or joking with me. He’d become distinctly businesslike, and I couldn’t help but think of the stories of men in black, the people who cleaned up after extraterrestrial encounters in order to keep the world ignorant of the truth. â€Å"Can you walk?† he asked, eyeing me up and down. â€Å"Unclear at this time,† I replied. It turned out I could, just not very well. With his help, I eventually ended up at a town house over in a residential part of the city. I was bleary-eyed and barely able to stay on my feet by that point. There were other people there, but none of them registered. The only thing that mattered was the bedroom someone took me to. I mustered enough strength at that point to break free of the arm supporting me and do a face-plant right in the middle of the bed. I fell asleep instantly. I awoke to bright sunshine filling my room and voices speaking in hushed tones. Considering everything that I’d been through, I wouldn’t have been surprised to see Dimitri, Tatiana, or even Dr. Olendzki from the Academy there. Instead, it was Abe’s bearded face that looked down at me, the light making all of his jewelry gleam. For a moment, his face blurred, and all I saw was dark, dark water-water that threatened to wash me away. Dimitri’s last words echoed in my head: That’s what I was supposed to say†¦ He’d understood that I wanted to hear that he loved me. What would have happened if we’d had a few moments more? Would he have said those words? Would he have meant them? And would it have mattered? With the same resolve I’d mustered before, I parted the waters swirling in my mind, ordering myself to push aside last night as long as I could. I would drown if I thought about it. Now I had to swim. Abe’s face came back into focus. â€Å"Greetings, Zmey,† I said weakly. Somehow, him being here didn’t surprise me. Sydney would have had to tell her superiors about me, who in turn would have told Abe. â€Å"Nice of you to slither on in.† He shook his head, wearing a rueful smile. â€Å"I think you’ve outdone me when it comes to sneaking around dark corners. I thought you were on your way back to Montana.† â€Å"Next time, make sure you write a few more details into your bargains. Or just pack me up and send me back to the U.S. for real.† â€Å"Oh,† he said, â€Å"that’s exactly what I intend to do.† He kept smiling as he said it, but somehow, I had a feeling he wasn’t joking. And suddenly, I no longer feared that fate. Going home was starting to sound good. Mark and Oksana walked over to stand beside him. Their presence was unexpected but welcome. They smiled too, faces melancholy but relieved. I sat up in bed, surprised I could move at all. â€Å"You healed me,† I said to Oksana. â€Å"I still hurt, but I don’t feel like I’m going to die, which I have to think is an improvement.† She nodded. â€Å"I did enough to make sure you weren’t in immediate danger. I figured I could do the rest when you woke up.† I shook my head. â€Å"No, no. I’ll recover on my own.† I always hated it when Lissa healed me. I didn’t want her wasting the strength on me. I also didn’t want her inviting spirit’s side effects. Lissa†¦ I jerked the covers off of me. â€Å"Oh my God! I have to get home. Right now.† Immediately, three pairs of arms blocked my way. â€Å"Hold on,† said Mark. â€Å"You aren’t going anywhere. Oksana only healed you a little. You’re a long way from being recovered.† â€Å"And you still haven’t told us what happened,† said Abe, eyes as shrewd as ever. He was someone who needed to know everything, and the mysteries around me probably drove him crazy. â€Å"There’s no time! Lissa’s in trouble. I have to get back to school.† It was all coming back to me. Lissa’s erratic behavior and crazy stunts, driven by some kind of compulsion-or super-compulsion, I supposed, seeing as Avery had been able to shove me out of Lissa’s head. â€Å"Oh, now you want to go back to Montana?† exclaimed Abe. â€Å"Rose, even if there was a plane waiting for you out in the other room, that’s a twenty hour trip, at minimum. And you’re in no condition to go anywhere.† I shook my head, still trying to get on my feet. After what I’d faced last night, this group wasn’t that much of a threat-well, maybe Mark was-but I could hardly start throwing punches. And yeah, I still wasn’t sure what Abe could do. â€Å"You don’t get it! Someone’s trying to kill Lissa or hurt her or†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Well, I didn’t really understand what Avery wanted. All I knew was that Avery had somehow been compelling Lissa to do all sorts of reckless things. She had to be amazingly strong in spirit to not only manage those feats but also keep it hidden from Lissa and Adrian. She’d even created a false aura to hide her golden one. You read "Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Seven" in category "Essay examples" I had no idea how that magnitude of power was possible, particularly considering that Avery’s fun-loving personality could hardly be called insane. Whatever her scheme, Lissa was at risk. I had to do something. Removing Abe from the equation, I looked up at Mark and Oksana pleadingly. â€Å"It’s my bondmate,† I explained. â€Å"She’s in trouble. Someone’s trying to hurt her. I have to go to her-you understand why I have to.† And I saw in their faces that they did understand. I also knew that in my situation, they’d try exactly the same thing for each other. Mark sighed. â€Å"Rose†¦ we’ll help you get to her, but we can’t do it now.† â€Å"We’ll contact the school,† said Abe matter-of-factly. â€Å"They’ll take care of it.† Right. And how exactly would we do that? Call up Headmaster Lazar and tell him his party-girl daughter was actually corrupting and controlling people with psychic powers and that she needed to be locked up for Lissa’s and everyone else’s good? My lack of an answer seemed to make them think they’d convinced me, Abe in particular. â€Å"With Oksana’s help, you’d probably be in good enough condition to leave tomorrow,† he added. â€Å"I can book a morning flight the next day.† â€Å"Will she be all right until then?† Oksana asked me gently. â€Å"I†¦ I don’t know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What could Avery do in two days’ time? Alienate and embarrass Lissa further? Horrible things, but not permanent or life threatening. Surely, surely†¦ she’d be okay that long, right? â€Å"Let me see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I saw Mark’s eyes widen slightly as he realized what I was about to do. Then I saw nothing in the room anymore because I was no longer there. I was in Lissa’s head. A new set of sights settled in around me, and for half a second, I thought I stood on the bridge again and was looking down into black waters and a cold death. Then I gained a grip on what I saw-or rather, what Lissa saw. She was standing on the ledge of a window in some building on campus. It was nighttime. I couldn’t tell offhand which building it was, but it didn’t matter. Lissa was on what appeared to be the sixth floor, standing there in high heels, laughing about something while the dark ground threatened below. Behind her, I heard Avery’s voice. â€Å"Lissa, be careful! You shouldn’t be up there.† But it had the same double meaning that permeated everything Avery did. Even as she said those words of caution, I could feel a reckless drive within Lissa, something telling her that it was okay to be where she was and not to worry so much. It was Avery’s compulsion. Then, I felt that brushing of my mind, and the annoyed voice. You again? I was forced back out, back to the bedroom in Novosibirsk. Abe was freaking out, apparently thinking I’d gone into some catatonic fit, and Mark and Oksana were attempting to explain to him what had happened. I blinked and rubbed my head as I gathered myself, and Mark breathed a sigh of relief. â€Å"It’s much stranger watching someone do that than it is doing it myself.† â€Å"She’s in trouble,† I said, attempting to get up again. â€Å"She’s in trouble†¦ and I don’t know what to do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They were right in saying there was no way on earth I could get to Lissa anytime soon. And even if I followed Abe’s suggestion and contacted the school†¦ I didn’t know for sure where Lissa was at or even if anyone there would believe me. I thought about jumping back in and trying to read Lissa’s location from her mind, but Avery would likely throw me out again. From what I had briefly felt, Lissa didn’t have her cell phone on her-no surprise. There were strict rules about having them in classes, so she usually left hers in her dorm room. But I knew someone who would have his. And who would believe me. â€Å"Does anyone have a phone?† I asked. Abe gave me his, and I dialed Adrian’s number, surprised I had it memorized. Adrian was mad at me, but he cared about Lissa. He would help her, no matter his grudge toward me. And he would believe me when I tried to explain a crazy, spirit-induced plot. But when the other end of the line picked up, it was his voicemail that answered, not the man himself. â€Å"I know how devastated you must be to miss me,† his cheery voice said, â€Å"but leave a message, and I’ll try to ease your agony as soon as possible.† I disconnected, feeling lost. Suddenly, I looked up at Oksana as one of my crazier ideas came to mind. â€Å"You†¦ you can do that thing†¦ where you actively go in someone’s mind and touch their thoughts, right? Like you did to me?† She grimaced slightly. â€Å"Yes, but it’s not something I like to do. I don’t think it’s right.† â€Å"Can you compel them once you’re in there?† She looked even more disgusted. â€Å"Well, yes, of course†¦ the two things are actually very similar. But reaching in someone’s mind is one thing and forcing them into some unwanted behavior is an entirely different matter.† â€Å"My friend is about to do something dangerous,† I said. â€Å"It could kill her. She’s being compelled, but I can’t do anything about it. The bond won’t let me actively reach her. I can only watch. If you could reach inside my friend’s head and compel her out of danger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Oksana shook her head. â€Å"Supposing morals weren’t an issue, I can’t reach into someone who’s not actually here-let alone someone I’ve never met.† I raked a hand through my hair, panic setting in. I wished Oksana knew how to walk dreams. That would at least give her the long-distance capability. All of these spirit powers seemed to be one off from each other, each having some additional nuance. Someone who could dream walk might be able to take the next step and visit someone awake. An even crazier idea came to me. This was a groundbreaking day. â€Å"Oksana†¦ you can reach into my mind, right?† â€Å"Yes,† she reaffirmed. â€Å"If I†¦ if I was in my bondmate’s head at the time, could you reach into me and then reach into her mind? Could I, like, be the link between you guys?† â€Å"I’ve never heard of anything like that,† murmured Mark. â€Å"That’s because we’ve never had this many spirit users and shadow-kissed around before,† I pointed out. Abe, understandably, looked completely lost. A shadow fell over Oksana’s face. â€Å"I don’t know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Either it works or it doesn’t,† I said. â€Å"If it doesn’t, then there’s no harm done. But if you can reach her through me†¦ you can compel her.† She started to speak, and I cut her off. â€Å"I know, I know†¦ you think it’s wrong. But this other spirit user? She’s the one who’s wrong. All you have to do is compel Lissa out of danger. She’s ready to jump out a window! Stop her now; then I’ll get to her in another day or so and fix things.† And by fix things, I meant ruin Avery’s pretty face with a black eye. In my bizarre life, I’d grown pretty used to people-especially adults-rejecting my outlandish ideas and proclamations. I’d had a hell of a time convincing people that Victor had kidnapped Lissa and an equally hard time making the guardians believe the school was under attack. So when situations like this happened, part of me almost expected resistance. But the thing was, as stable as they were, Oksana and Mark had been fighting with spirit for most of their lives. Crazy was kind of par for the course for them, and after a moment, she didn’t argue any further. â€Å"All right,† she said. â€Å"Give me your hands.† â€Å"What’s going on?† asked Abe, still totally clueless. I took a small amount of satisfaction in seeing him out of his league for a change. Mark murmured something to Oksana in Russian and kissed her on the cheek. He was warning her to be careful, not condemning her for her choice. I knew he’d want the same thing if she were in Lissa’s place. The love that flashed between them was so deep and so strong that I nearly lost my resolve to do this. That kind of love reminded me of Dimitri, and if I allowed myself to think about him for even a moment more, I was going to relive last night†¦ I clasped Oksana’s hands, a knot of fear coiling in my stomach. I didn’t like the idea of someone being in my head, even though that was a hypocritical sentiment for someone who was constantly traveling into her best friend’s mind. Oksana gave me a small smile, though it was obvious she was as nervous as me. â€Å"I’m sorry,† she said. â€Å"I hate doing this to people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And then I felt it, the same thing that had happened when Avery pushed me out. It was like the actual physical sensation of someone touching my brain. I gasped, looking into Oksana’s eyes as waves of heat and cold ran through me. Oksana was in my head. â€Å"Now go to your friend,† she said. I did. I focused my thoughts into Lissa and found her still standing on the window’s ledge. Better she was there than on the ground, but I still wanted her off and back in the room before something bad happened. That wasn’t for me to do, however. I was the taxi, so to speak. Oksana was the one who had to literally talk Lissa off the ledge. Only I had no indication the other woman had come with me. When I’d jumped to Lissa’s mind, I’d lost that sense of Oksana. No more tickling of the mind. Oksana? I thought. Are you there? There was no response-not from Oksana, at least. The answer came from a very unexpected source. Rose? It was Lissa’s voice that spoke in my mind. She froze her position in the window and abruptly cut off whatever she’d been laughing about with Avery. I felt Lissa’s terror and confusion as she wondered if she was imagining me. She peered around the room, her eyes passing over Avery. Avery recognized something was going on, and her face hardened. I felt the familiar sense of her presence in Lissa’s mind and wasn’t surprised when Avery tried to shove me out again. Except-it didn’t work. Avery kicking me out in the past had always felt like an actual shove. I got the impression that when she tried it now, it felt like hitting a brick wall to her. I wasn’t so easy to push around anymore. Oksana was with me somehow, lending her strength. Avery was still in Lissa’s line of sight, and I saw those adorable blue-gray eyes go wide with shock that she couldn’t control me. Oh, I thought. It’s on, bitch! Rose? Lissa’s voice was there again. Am I going crazy? Not yet. But you have to get down, right now. I think Avery’s trying to kill you. Kill me? I could feel and hear Lissa’s incredulity. She’d never do that. Look, let’s not argue it for now. Just get out of the window and call it good. I felt the impulse in Lissa, felt her shift and start to put one foot down. Then it was like some core part of herself stopped her. Her foot stayed where it was†¦ and slowly began to grow unsteady†¦ That was Avery at work. I wondered if Oksana, lurking in the background of this bond, could overpower that compulsion. No, Oksana wasn’t active here. Her spirit powers had somehow gotten me into actively communicating with Lissa, but she was remaining passive. I’d expected to be the bridge and thought Oksana would jump to Lissa’s mind and compel her. The situation was reversed, though, and I didn’t actually have compulsion powers. All I had was legendary wit and powers of persuasion. Lissa, you have to fight Avery, I said. She’s a spirit user, and she’s compelling you. You’re one of the strongest compulsion users I know. You should be able to fight her. Fear answered me. I can’t†¦ I can’t compel right now. Why not? Because I’ve been drinking. I mentally groaned. Of course. That was why Avery was always so quick to supply Lissa with alcohol. It numbed spirit, as demonstrated in Adrian’s frequent indulgences. Avery had encouraged the drinking so that Lissa’s spirit abilities would weaken and give her less resistance. There were a number of times Lissa hadn’t been able to gauge exactly how much Avery was drinking; in retrospect, Avery must have been doing a fair amount of faking. Then use ordinary willpower, I told her. It’s possible to resist compulsion. It was true. Compulsion wasn’t an automatic ticket to world domination. Some people were better at resisting it than others, though a Strigoi or spirit user certainly complicated matters. I felt Lissa build up her resolve, felt her repeat my words over and over, that she had to be strong and step back off the ledge. She worked to push away that impulse Avery had implanted, and without knowing how, I suddenly found myself pushing on it as well. Lissa and I joined our strength together and started shoving Avery out. In the physical world, Avery and Lissa’s gazes were locked as the psychic struggle continued. Avery’s face showed hard concentration that suddenly became overlaid with shock. She’d noticed me fighting her too. Her eyes narrowed, and when she spoke, it was me she addressed and not Lissa. â€Å"Oh,† Avery hissed, â€Å"you do not want to mess with me.† Didn’t I? There was a rush of heat and that feeling of someone reaching into my mind. Only it wasn’t Oksana. It was Avery, and she was doing some serious investigation of my thoughts and memories. I understood now what Oksana meant about it being invasive and a violation. It wasn’t just looking through someone’s eyes; it was spying on their most intimate thoughts. And then, the world around me dissolved. I stood in a room I didn’t recognize. For a moment, I thought I was back in Galina’s estate. It certainly had that rich, expensive feel to it. But no. After a moment’s examination, I realized this wasn’t the same at all. The furnishings were different. Even the vibe was different. Galina’s home had been beautiful, but there had been a cold, impersonal feel to it. This place was inviting and clearly well loved. The plush couch had a quilt thrown haphazardly in its corner, as though someone-or maybe two someones-had been cuddling underneath it. And while the room wasn’t messy, exactly, there were scattered objects-books, framed photos-that indicated this room was actually used and wasn’t just for show. I walked over to a small bookshelf and picked up one of the framed photos. I nearly dropped it when I saw what it was. It was a picture of Dimitri and me-but I had no memory of it. We stood arm in arm, leaning our faces together to make sure we both got in the shot. I was grinning broadly, and he too wore a joyous smile, one I’d hardly ever seen on him. It softened some of the protective fierceness that usually filled his features and made him look sexier than I’d ever imagined. A piece of that soft brown hair had slipped his ponytail and lay on his cheek. Beyond us was a city that I immediately recognized: Saint Petersburg. I frowned. No, this was definitely a picture that couldn’t exist. I was still studying it when I heard someone walk into the room. When I saw who it was, my heart stopped. I set the photo back on the shelf with shaking hands and took a few steps back. It was Dimitri. He wore jeans and a casual red T-shirt that fit the lean muscles of his body perfectly. His hair was down loose and slightly damp, like he’d just gotten out of the shower. He held two mugs and chuckled when he saw me. â€Å"Still not dressed?† he asked, shaking his head. â€Å"They’re going to be here any minute.† I looked down and saw that I wore plaid flannel pajama bottoms and a tank top. He handed me the mug, and I was too stunned to do anything but take it. I peered into it-hot chocolate-and then looked up at him. There was no red in his eyes, no evil on his face. Only gorgeous warmth and affection. He was my Dimitri, the one who’d loved and protected me. The one with a pure heart and soul†¦ â€Å"Who†¦ who’s coming?† I asked. â€Å"Lissa and Christian. They’re coming for brunch.† He gave me a puzzled look. â€Å"Are you okay?† I looked around, again taking in the comforting room. Through a window, I saw a backyard filled with trees and flowers. Sunshine spilled through onto the carpet. I turned back to him and shook my head. â€Å"What is this? Where are we?† His confused expression now turned into a frown. Stepping forward, he took my mug and set his and mine on the shelf. His hands rested on my hips, and I flinched but didn’t break away-how could I when he looked so much like my Dimitri? â€Å"This is our house,† he said, drawing me near. â€Å"In Pennsylvania.† â€Å"Pennsylvania†¦ are we at the Royal Court ?† He shrugged. â€Å"A few miles away.† I slowly shook my head. â€Å"No†¦ that’s not possible. We can’t have a home together. And definitely not so close to the others. They’d never let us.† If in some crazy world Dimitri and I lived together, we’d have to do it in secret-somewhere remote, like Siberia. â€Å"You insisted,† he said with a small smile. â€Å"And none of them care. They accept it. Besides, you said we had to live near Lissa.† My mind reeled. What was going on? How was this possible? How could I be living with Dimitri-especially so near Moroi? This wasn’t right†¦ and yet, it felt right. Looking around, I could see how this was my home. I could feel the love in it, feel the connection Dimitri and I had to it. But†¦ how could I actually be with Dimitri? Wasn’t I supposed to be doing something else? Wasn’t I supposed to be somewhere else? â€Å"You’re a Strigoi,† I said at last. â€Å"No†¦ you’re dead. I killed you.† He ran a finger along my cheek, still giving me that rueful smile. â€Å"Do I look like I’m dead? Do I look Strigoi?† No. He looked wonderful and sexy and strong. He was all the things I remembered, all the things I loved. â€Å"But you were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I trailed off, still confused. This wasn’t right. There was something I had to do, but I still couldn’t remember. â€Å"What happened?† His hand returned to my hip, and he pulled me into a tight embrace. â€Å"You saved me,† he murmured into my ear. â€Å"Your love saved me, Roza. You brought me back so that we could be together.† Had I? I had no memory of that, either. But this all seemed so real, and it felt so wonderful. I’d missed his arms around me. He’d held me as a Strigoi, but it had never felt like this. And when he leaned down and kissed me, I knew for sure he wasn’t a Strigoi. I didn’t know how I could have ever deluded myself back at Galina’s. This kiss was alive. It burned within my soul, and as my lips pressed more eagerly into his, I felt that connection, the one that told me there was no one else in the world for me except him. Only, I couldn’t shake the feeling that I wasn’t supposed to be here. But where was I supposed to be? Lissa†¦ something with Lissa†¦ I broke the kiss but not the embrace. My head rested against his chest. â€Å"I really saved you?† â€Å"Your love was too strong. Our love was too strong. Not even the undead could keep us apart.† I wanted to believe it. Desperately. But that voice still nagged in my head†¦ Lissa. What about Lissa? Then, it came to me. Lissa and Avery. I had to save Lissa from Avery. I jerked away from Dimitri, and he stared in surprise. â€Å"What are you doing?† â€Å"This isn’t real,† I said. â€Å"This is a trick. You’re still Strigoi. We can’t be together-not here, not among the Moroi.† â€Å"Of course we can.† There was hurt in his deep brown eyes, and it tore at my heart. â€Å"Don’t you want to be with me?† â€Å"I have to go back to Lissa†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Let her go,† he said, approaching me again. â€Å"Let all of it go. Stay here with me-we can have everything we ever wanted, Rose. We can be together every day, wake up together every morning.† â€Å"No.† I stepped further back. I knew if I didn’t, he would kiss me again, and then I’d truly be lost. Lissa needed me. Lissa was trapped. With each passing second, the details about Avery were coming back to me. This was all an illusion. â€Å"Rose?† he asked. There was so much pain in his voice. â€Å"What are you doing?† â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said, feeling on the verge of tears. Lissa. I had to get to Lissa. â€Å"This isn’t real. You’re gone. You and I can never be together, but I can still help her.† â€Å"You love her more than me?† Lissa had asked me almost the same thing when I’d left to hunt Dimitri. My life was doomed to always be about choosing between them. â€Å"I love you both,† I replied. And with that, I used all of my will to push myself back to Lissa, wherever she was, and tear away from this fantasy. Honestly, I could have spent the rest of my days in that make-believe world, being with Dimitri in that house, waking up with him each morning like he’d said. But it wasn’t real. It was too easy, and if I was learning anything, it was that life wasn’t easy. The effort was excruciating, but suddenly, I found myself looking back at the room at St. Vladimir’s. I focused on Avery who was staring me and Lissa down. She’d pulled out the memory that tormented me most, attempting to confuse me and tear me from Lissa with a fantasy of what I wanted more than anything else in the world. I’d fought Avery’s mind trap and felt pretty smug about it-despite the ache in my heart. I wished I could communicate directly with her and make a few comments about what I thought of her and her game. That was out of the question, so instead, I threw my will in with Lissa’s once more, and together, we stepped down off the ledge and onto the room’s floor. Avery was visibly sweating, and when she realized she’d lost the psychic tug of war, her pretty face turned very ugly. â€Å"Fine,† she said. â€Å"There are easier ways of killing you off.† Reed suddenly entered the room, looking as hostile as ever. I had no idea where he’d come from or how he’d known to show up right then, but he headed straight toward Lissa, hands reaching out. That open window loomed behind her, and it didn’t take a genius to guess his intentions. Avery had tried to get Lissa to jump by using compulsion. Reed was just going to push her. A mental conversation flew between Lissa and me in the space of a heartbeat. Okay, I told her. Here’s the situation. We’re going to have to do a little role reversal. What are you talking about? Fear flooded her, which was understandable, seeing as Reed’s hands were seconds away from grabbing her. Well, I said, I just did the psychic power struggle. Which means you’ve got to do the fighting. And I’m going to show you how. How to cite Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Seven, Essay examples

How heredity and environment free essay sample

How heredity and environment shap us BY Natalte0318 How heredity and environment shape us Why am I so cold? Despite that numerous evidence have shown that nature and nurture are both responsible for the development of our personality, the nature and nurture concepts still stir up a lot of controversy. It is more important to know not to focus on how each affects us independently, but rather how they both interact with one another to create the unique individuals that we are. We each have different experiences as to the amount of effectiveness nature or nurture has in shaping us. When it comes to my own personality, I know that it has been greatly affected by nurture. The ancient nature vs. nurture controversy pertains to the discussion whether our personality is an aspect that is predetermined by our genes (the nature theory), or is it the environment, for example experiences and learning processes, that make us behave the way we do (the nurture theory). Evidence has proven that both nature and nurture affect our personality. We are born with certain abilities and traits and nurture takes these inborn tendencies to mold us as we experience life, learn new hings and gradually mature. The question is now how much of our personality is influenced by genes and how much by the environment. It is an endless discussion that has been going on for years and yet might still rage on for many years to come. Supporters of nature say that personality has been passed down through our genes from generation to generation. Children, for example, resemble their parents by their physical appearance (like the same eye color, double chin, or skin complexion) and also by their more abstract traits (such as intelligence, extroversion, r aggression), and are also automatically in the future more susceptible to the same diseases as their parents (such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus). Joseph Le Doux, an author and professor of neural science at the New York University Center for Neural Science, points out in his article Nature vs. Nurture: the Pendulum Still Swings with Plenty of Momentum that the importance of genes has been proven with animals as well, for example, the way animal breeders utilize a process called controlled mating to breed dogs to get a desired behavior (1). Dogs are supposedly unters until domesticated from the grey wolves thousands of years ago. Many breeds have been created since then to accommodate humans as herders, to pull loads, for protection, to assist police with investigations, to aid handicapped individuals or Just for companionship. These dogs have been bred under close supervision and with a great amount of care through several generations to get the desired behavior. Furthermore, in an article Nature vs. Nurture? Please dont ask, Mark Henderson, a Science Editor of The Times, mentions an experiment involving dentical and fraternal twins. Fraternal twins were used because they are on a genetic level the closest related to one another than regular siblings. Both kinds of twins share the same environment. The results show that the identical twins share the same characteristics while the fraternal twins show less similarity with each other. The reason for this is because identical twins share their entire DNA and the traternal twins snare only nalt ) This experiment is another indication that personality is innate. An additional supporting argument is by Steven Pinker, an xperimental psychologist, linguist, author and professor at Harvard College, who states in his book The Blank Slate that people are born with skills and aspects of personality that can only be the result of heredity, for example, the capability of children to learn a language so easily must have an innate connection (148). Children have the ability for easy language acquisition, because of the unique structure of the speak organs that we humans possess. They have the ability to learn to speak very quickly, being that they have a vocabulary of 2000 words at age 5, which will double t the age of 7. Besides, language is unique to humans and that can only be because of inherited genes. Supporters of nurture say that we develop a personality as we live through life by experience, learning and interactions with our environment. What we inherit can change over time, for example, the influence that parents have on us when we were children and probably still even now as adults. They have taught us manners that we are expected to apply to our lives. If we were to act rude, punishment would be the tool to get us to the right path. This shows that synaptic lasticity is important in the development of our personality. People are born with preprogrammed synaptic links that are connected with each other in order for the brain to communicate. As we grow through life, we go through different experiences, which alter (either changing or improving) the synaptic links to accommodate us. This is called synaptic plasticity, a process that results in a change in behavior (Le Doux 1). At some point it was also thought that we are born blank slates, meaning that we are born without innate traits in our minds (completely empty minds). Our knowledge will come from experience from our parents and society as we grow each day (Pinker 148). When a baby is born, for example, we can shape it to become anything we want from a doctor to the most infamous thief on earth. There are no genetics involved but just an influencing environment. Research and experiment also believe that our childhood experiences and learning processes throughout life determine our mindset (Henderson 3). Identical twins, for example, actually rarely share 100 per cent of their DNA with each other and that their IQ scores only show around 70 ercent similarity. This is an indication that there must be another factor (nurture) besides inheritance that plays a role in the development of our personality. When compared to my parents, I can see that nature has an input in my physical traits and personality as well. I am definitely a split image of my mother; we both have broad shoulders, wa. y black hair, high cheekbones, slanted eyes, and a round face. Other than having the same shape hands and freckles, my father and I do not have a lot in common physically. My brother on the other hand resembles my father more. The only physical trait that my brother and I have in common is the slanted eyes. Attitudes like friendliness, generosity, loyalty, honesty, respectfulness, and thoughtfulness towards others are characteristics that I have in common with my brother and my parents. I am also very humble, caring, modest and kind like my mother. When it comes to nurture I see that in my case its noticeable that I have other personality traits which I cannot find on either my parents or my brother, such as ambition, determination, and awareness of opportunities. I can see clear similarities n personality between my brother and my parents They, tor example, take lite witn a grain of salt, living a laid back life surrounded by friends and engaging in parties, while I am constantly worrying about the future and finding ways on how to improve my life and secure my and my childrens future. Even though, my brother and I are born from and raised by the same parents, yet we do not have the same personality. The only difference between he and I is that my brother has stayed with my parents for a much longer time than I did. I had a great desire for independence and went on y own when I was only 18 years old. My environment changed and I was exposed to different experiences from which I have learned so much more and which have changed my perception about life over time. As I matured in life, I also notice that I have become less friendly and less trustworthy of people. One example is that I was a friendly individual before I came to the United States. I always had a smile on my face and knew everyone and everyone knew me. As soon as I got to New York City, I realized that I had to change the way I was. I was very depressed because I did not nderstand why I could not Just be myself. After carefully observing my environment, I learned that being too friendly in New York City unfortunately only makes me an easier target to crime. My personality has changed from being friendly and trustworthy to less friendly and more guarded due to survival. Nature and nurture shape us to who we are today, but nurture does more of the work than nature. We are born with a set of traits, which lay the foundation to the individuals we are and any new trait would be impossible to experience unless there is change to our genetic material. These inherited traits are constantly changing as we grow older, because the environment influences us by altering and developing us even more over time. Henderson agrees that Nature works through nurture, and nurture through nature, to shape our personalities, aptitudes, health and behaviour (3). We need both to make us who we are, because they definitely go hand in hand. As I look at myself now and revisit my experiences from the very first day that I can remember to the present, I admit that nature is Just as important as nurture in developing the woman that I am today. In my particular case it is obvious nd fair to say that the environment I have been exposed to throughout my life impacted me more than nature actually did, and will still do so as long as I live. After all said and done, people will still have their own opinion about nature and nurture, which means that this debate will last for a (long) while. It is quite clear that personality is indeed caused by genes and environment, not individually, but together as proven. A gene though may make us behave a certain way, but it does not make us do things. Dont we still have the option to choose who we want to be when we grow up?

Siren Song Essay free essay sample

Free Writing Practice Dr. Cooper Margaret Atwood’s â€Å"Siren Song† is written with a crafty yet concise one-sided dialogue with a tone of an almost dark and malicious sense of humor. It is a clever work containing one of the three alluring Sirens, alluding to Homer’s The Odyssey, successfully captivating a mariner’s attention to â€Å"save† her. The poet starts the slow and soft with an appealing cry and by using the device of enjambment, is able to speed up and introduce a more urgent tone of deception, â€Å"I will tell this secret to you/to you, only you/Come closer†Atwood is able to make it appear that the Siren is discontent and in need of rescue, only to fool the mariner along with the reader. Even though the poem seems rather callous and heartless, the poet is able to make it rather humorous with the Siren claiming that it is only â€Å"a bird suit† and â€Å"feathery mechanics† rather than her actual half-bird half-woman form. We will write a custom essay sample on Siren Song Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Atwood also uses irony as an underlying theme when the Siren was the actual marauder and the sailor was the one who needed saving. But the most intriguing aspect of this poem is the deceitfulness used by the Siren in how she will reveal the secret of the song when in fact she was already using it. Works Cited 1. Atwood, Margaret. â€Å"Siren Song. † Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense. 9th ed. Editors Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson. Boston: Thomson, 2006. p. 943.

buy custom NCAA Problems and Suggested Solutions essay

buy custom NCAA Problems and Suggested Solutions essay The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has been plagued by a myriad of problems and challenges, from its inception in 1906 to the outfit it is today. This research paper seeks to understand the past problems and how the society viewed them, including the measures that were put in place to fix those early problems. It will also strive to offer practical problem solving approaches that we, as the society could implement on the system so that it can achieve even greater success. The paper will discuss the chronology of problematic past events and how they were solved. It will also offer suggestions on how the NCAA can be improved so as to offer better and more comprehensive services to the sportsmen and their respective institutions. In the early 1900s, college football was a rowdy and risky affair that left many players and some fans either dead or maimed for life (Dunnavant 54).The risky nature of early football was the catalyst that necessitated the formation of a body, tasked with ensuring that the football games got some semblance of safety. In 1905, Theodore Roosevelt, who was the current American president, convened two meetings at the white house, which were attended by college athletics officials, to lobby for reforms in the college football. The most notable person, in the formation of NCAA was Henry M. MacCracken the Chancellor of the New York University who successfully called a meeting with 13 institutions to initiate reforms concerning the rules in the football playing in 1905.The subsequent meeting, held on December 28, and attended by 62 universities and colleges gave birth to the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). Officially constituted on the 13th of March 1906, t he IAAUS changed its name to the current NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) in 1910. The NCAA was just a regulatory body in college football, because its core function was to formulate rules and offer a forum for discussing football issues. Its first major break came in 1921 when it organized and hosted the first NCAA national championships under the title The National Collegiate Track and Field Championships. In 1939, the NCAA hosted its first national intercollegiate basketball championship, which was a huge success. The college athletics grew rapidly with the introduction of several championships, effectively leading to the expansion of the national athletics programs in the 70s.This unprecedented divergence of the athletics games prompted the need to restructure the programs offered so as to accommodate the varying and changing levels of the sports.The membership of the association was divided into three competitive and legislative divisions in 1973; I, II and III. In 1978 Division I members were for the creation of subdivisions I-A and I-AA. The two subdivisions were given names the Football Bowl Subdivision and the Football Championship Subdivion, respectively in 2007. It was not until 1980, when Divisions II and III set up 10 championships, where the womens athletics were incorporated. Since its inception and operationalization, the NCAA has been plagued by a myriad of problems and challenges. During the infancy stage of the association, its greatest challenge was on the enforcement of its rules and regulations. According to Smith ( 8-11), the early constitution clearly stated that athletics activities shall be maintained on an ethical plane in keeping with the dignity and high purpose of education. The expectation was that, a high standard of personal honor, eligibility and fair play would be the guiding principles that would oversee the smooth running of the athletics games. However, the association was handicapped on the issue of enforcing the rules, a predicament that could be attributed to a lack of support for the idea of a central enforcement authority by the original Executive Committee. In essence it was just a toothless dog that could only bark but couldnt bite. The basic and primary enforcement factor for the association was basically trust, which was pr one to be abused and misused by the members. The lack of law enforcement powers was a major thorn in the flesh of the Association and it took many decades for the Association to grow some teeth to bite. The 1940s saw many serious and blatant violations, espeially in relation to the Associations core value of the principle of amateurism. This prompted the NCAA Delegates Committee to grant the Executive Committee more investigative and interpretative powers, with the primary intention of protecting amateurism (Dunnavant 59). A conference of conferences was subsequently held in Chicago in 1946, to lobby the members to discuss the growing concerns connected to the violations of the amateurism principle .The first major breakthrough was achieved in 1948 with the adoption of the sanity code in respect to the members following the laid down rules and regulations. Dubbed as the return to sanity, the convention imposed strict regulations on matters concerning outside financial aid, academic standards, mode of recruiting the players, ins titutional control and most importantly, amateurism (Dunnavant 64). For the first time, the Association had teeth to bite because it declared that the violators of the sanity code would be barred from the NCAA. To exert their authority and show their seriousness, the NCAA found seven institutions to have violated the sanity code in 1950, but luckily for the institutions, a lack of a voting majority by the delegates saved them from exclusion from the NCAA. However, one year later the sanity code was repealed due to its severe penalties for violations and the limits that had been set regarding financial aid. The sanity code was replaced by a new code that established membership committee, mandated with the role of probing complains about violations and an investigative subcommittee. The conclusions of the subcommittee would then be forwarded to the NCAA council for any punitive action like suspension, probation or expulsion. The sanity code made a revolution in the American college sports world by bringing sanity and a systematic code of ethics in the college sporting sector (Falla 12-27). Under the chairmanship of Walter Byers (The first executive director of NCAA) a formal action, based on the findings of the subcommittee was taken against 10 basketball players from the University of Kentucky who were accused of receiving impermissible financial aid. The players were thereafter suspended for one year from the league games, a penalty that they accepted thereby giving credence to the NCAA on its ability to enforce its rules. A national certification plan was adopted in 1954, which required an institutions president to certify in writing that his institution would comply with the rules and regulations of the association. The show clause (which is in effect even today) was adopted in 1956 requiring institutions to show why its members should not be suspended after violating the rules. Several amendments we re made in subsequent years, most notably being the appointment of a Special Enforcement and Reorganization Committee tasked with the role of recommending changes in the enforcement process. A 1987 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court dealt a big blow to the NCAA on its ability to enforce its rules and regulations equally in all the states. The ruling (commonly referred to as the Nevada law) filed by the University of Nevada required the NCAA to use defined measures in its investigations. Other states soon followed the suit seriously undermining the authority of the association. Their effort to have the law reversed was rejected by the Supreme Court when it declined to review the case (Falla 63). The society can play a crucial role in the sustenance of a good conduct by exhibiting trust where the rules and regulations are concerned. The NCAA should not be seen as a policing unit that watches over the offenders and the violators of the set rules. The perception of the society towards the association should be that of a partner who formulates rules to maintain sanity and equality in the athletics sports. Since its inception in 1906, the NCAA most important and core value was that of trust. It was expected that the players and their respective institutions would stick to the rules and regulations based on pure trust of each other, rather than following the rules based on fear of repercussions. In the original constitution drafted in 1906, the first delegates expressed their desire in the set rules and regulations in which the athletics games were expected to reflect dignity and high purpose of education (Dunnavant 77).The role of the association has substantially evolved to cove r wider administrative boundaries, education and outreach pprogrammes, rules formulation and enforcement among other roles. It has emerged as the body that is tasked with ensuring that the sports sector in the colleges is streamlined and gives the games a sense of purpose. One suggestion of improvement that the association should consider is the inclusion of the public sector in the administration of the sporting events. They should formulate a provision whereby the members of the general public are given a chance to express their opinions on the competitions and input the suggestions and advice. This is because the public has a wealth of information and experience, based on the fact that most of them, if not all of them, were once college students and they have something to say. The television networks also should be given rights to air the games live because this will give a chance for those who cannot attend the games to be a part of the games. With the advancement in technology the games can even be aired live throughout the world, it will only not popularize the events but will also advertise the upcoming new players of great and promising talent (Dunnavant 77). Another major way to improve the sporting world would be to look for ways of extending the jurisdiction of the association from the American boundaries, to the whole world. Throughout the world, sports have been an integral part of every day life, especially in learning institutions. Many great athletes and players start nurturing their raw talent in education institutions, starting at the elementary level. When they reach college level the talent is polished up, and most of the great players can then decide whether to take the sport as a career or just as a form of relaxation and enjoyment. In this respect, the NCAA should yearn to include other countries in their games to collaborate with the other sporting authorities of the different nations. The outcome of this should be global championship, which would allow the American college students to compete with some of the best athletes from all over the world. They should collaborate with other regional, national and international spo rting associations to improve on the sporting events. The Association should also relax some of their most stringent rules so as to cut slack to the institutions and the player alike. For example, in the sanity code, the limit set for financial aid should be relaxed, so as to give the corporate world a chance to support, through sponsorship programmes, their favorite teams. The increased funding can even be used by institutions to acquire state of the art equipment that can further help in the improvement of the games. More funds can also be used for follow up programmes for the best student players once they finish their college years. The corporate world should be encouraged to participate in the affairs of the college sports, not for profit making but as a part of their corporate social responsibility. Big corporate organizations have plenty of money to be spent, and the college games should benefit from this, albeit in a minimal way. In conclusion it is evident that the role of the NCAA has greatly transformed from what it was a decade ago to what it is now. As discussed earlier, there are some major milestones which have been achieved, but as they say, the sky is the limit. As the sporting events become more popular part of the education system, so should the NCAA adapt to the ever changing world of sports. Its tentacles should be spread widely and far to transcend geographical boundaries and age limits among other limitations. The association should be highly commended for bringing a semblance of sanity to a field which had the potential of becoming rowdy and unruly, but thanks to the NCAA, the college sports now are more mature and sensible. The society must first of all appreciate the efforts that have been put in place by the administrative framework of the NCAA, so as to offer practical suggestions on its improvement. The social media can be used by the members of the society to raise their concerns and suggestions regarding the mode of operation of the association. On the other hand the association should accept positive criticism from the members of the public and incorporate the suggestions put forward by the society members. Thanks to the advance of the Internet, there can be an exchange of information between the association and the society. 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A research paper on cocaine Essay Example for Free

A research paper on cocaine Essay Research Paper (230) , Drug (166) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Grown in the countries of South America, with Columbia being the most productive, the Erythroxylon Coca bush is the natural origin of cocaine, a central nervous stimulant. Its history is as rich and diverse as the people using and dealing the drug. Cocaine use dates as far back as the 16th century when it was used among Inca royalty. In the early 1800’s cocaine was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its honor and famous author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† during a six -day cocaine binge. In the early 1900’s cocaine was available to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effects of cocaine by stating that it â€Å"could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain†. The use of cocaine found its way into other products like wine and the most famous of all, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft drink still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for flavor but the illicit drug has been removed (www.cocaine.org). The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960’s, and was used mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, sport stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and draw; psychological and physical effects make it addictive. Changes in form and price make cocaine far more accessible and affordable. Today, there is no clear connection between the use of cocaine and education, occupation or socioeconomic status. Cocaine is generally sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder substance that is commonly referred to as â€Å"snow†, â€Å"coke† or â€Å"blow†. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or â€Å"cut† the drug with similar looking substances like talcum powder or with active local anesthetics and even sometimes with other stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is about 75 percent. When the impurities of this form are removed, it is known as â€Å"freebase† or â€Å"crack† cocaine. â€Å"Crack† cocaine  is easier to find and less expensive to buy. Cocaine in any form can be found in almost every town and city. Research studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is used by over 3.7 million Americans 12 years old and over, with the highest rate among people 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and older also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org). The effects of cocaine depend on the route of administration, the amount of consumption, the user’s past experience, and the circumstances under which its taken. The major routes of administration are snorting, injecting, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form through the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug directly into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapors or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it then enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense but not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The short -term effects usually make the user fell euphoric, energetic, and alert to their senses. It can decrease your anxiety and heighten your sexuality. Crack users have described the rush as a â€Å"whole body orgasm.† Or, a user can feel anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of heaven and hell. Often times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quickly and disappear within a few minutes or a few hours. Physically, a person’s blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The â€Å"high† might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. Over time with continued use, the effects of cocaine gradually change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user will lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug wear out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths  are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the user’s tolerance, the drug will build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their daily activities. â€Å"Cocaine just made you feel really good. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and that’s the beginning of the end.† (â€Å"Drug Wars†; A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaine’s influence leads a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the organizations that produce and supply the product. Cocaine’s addiction has two sides: the love of the high and the love of the money. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 billion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations controlled most of America’s cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombian drug trade have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug cartels existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking business. They manufacture, transport, distribute, and finance cocaine. Like many large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel â€Å"payroll† also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The cartels are structured in layers, at the center is the cartel manager or â€Å"kingpin†. Information shared among the members of the cartel is highly secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the workings of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. Cartels operating in the United States are referred to as â€Å"cells† which are â€Å"self contained organized units.† The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocaine  traffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and intimidation to stay one step ahead of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken down in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, tried in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jung’s, the Medillin Cartel’s American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990’s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe. Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated their business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had difficulty in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only sell to people they know. The â€Å"home office,† which is the CEO and vice presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or pager and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the second meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and accurate records are kept by both (www.awesomestories.com). While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of Japan are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into legitimate American business. The one thing they all have in common: United States of America as a client base (www.cocainefacts.com). Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a person’s personality, for the worse. It spins a web of deceit and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. Euphoria tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your mind is just a matter of time. Bailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995: Heller, Matthew. â€Å"Addicted to Love.† Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999. A research paper on cocaine. (2016, Jun 25).

Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Branding - Assignment Example Brand positioning is aimed at allocating products and services in certain communicative channels in order to meet the needs of customers. Brand positioning is crucial to any organization because it is able to implement the organization’s objectives, goals, and missions. The purpose of branding and positioning is to give the consumers a clear image of the organization and its products. This also helps an organization maintain its competitive advantage. There are many products in the market that are can be used for the same purpose, branding and positioning make a product unique to the customers which in turn helps customers differentiate one product from that of its competitors’. A good example is seen in the case of toothpastes. Toothpaste brands have increased significantly over the years. The supermarkets are now filled with many brands, each with its own benefits (Segrave, Pg. 28). Colgate, which is toothpaste that has been around for many years and still has a big market share around the world, maintains its market share through branding. Colgate is known for its ability of whiten the teeth, freshen the breath, and strengthen the enamel on the teeth. The company also takes advantage of the red color on its product packages during its TV advertisement. There is more of the red color like the packaging of the toothpaste. The company believes that the color inspires impulse buying because the color causes excitement. The white and red combination in its packaging is eye catching and appealing to the eyes of consumers. This also remains in the minds of the consumer, forming a way of differentiating the products from other toothpastes. This also shows the principles of branding and positioning which is differentiating one product from another. An effective branding gives consumers a perception that there is no other service, product, or company than the brand’s company. Branding helps organization to differentiate their products from those of its

Carrying out research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Carrying out research - Coursework Example Note the water collects into the potato chip. The potato chip engorges, and increases in mass (Soodak & Iberall, 1979). Osmosis is the process where water molecules from regions of low concentration (often the solvent solution) to higher concentration (often the solute) through a semi-permeable membrane. In most biological processes, osmosis involves movement of water molecules through the cell membranes of different organisms (Sack, 2005). However, other larger molecules such as the sucrose molecules cannot pass due to their large size. When cells are placed in distilled water the water molecules pass into these cells, causing them to increase in size and their mass increases. Most cells have a low water potential since they contain many dissolved chemicals. As a result, more water molecules pass through the cell membrane into these cells and less water molecules pass out of the cell. The net increase in water molecules into the cell results in increased cell mass. The process continues until a point where no more water can pass the cell wall, even though the water concentration is uneven. The cell wall stretches preventing more water molecules from passing into the cell. With the potato chip containing numerous cells, when the chip is inserted into a test tube containing low concentrations of sucrose solution, the chip is more likely to increase its mass. The converse also holds when the chip is inserted in highly concentrations of sucrose solution where the water molecules pass from the cell into the highly concentrated sucrose solution through the cell wall. The cell therefore decreases in size and mass by becoming flaccid (Sack, 2005). From the above results its evident that increase in the sucrose concentration (from 0 to 60 percent) results to decline in the average percentage increase in the mass of the potato chip. However, when the concentration rises above 75 percent, the percentage increase in the mass of the potato chip is

Emily Dickinsons poem #371 Essay Example for Free

Emily Dickinsons poem #371 Essay Analyzing the poem by discovering how the author used literary elements usually is very essential to understanding the poems theme. As one of the significant elements, extended metaphor may convey one of key ideas in poetry. Depending on the poem, extended metaphor may provide the opportunity to reflect on even more deep and hidden, but just as important concepts the author chooses to convey. Similarly, in the poem # 371, Emily Dickinson uses extended metaphor as practically the most essential element to convey her feelings in regard to The Antique Book held as fascinating and exciting volume. Emily Dickinson compares real historical characters to the Antique Book, giving it the qualities of a fine gentleman. It is a precious pleasure to meet such a gentleman who will entice with and tell of his radical but thrilling notions. What must mesmerize Emily in the Antique Book are realistic images of the Dress his Century wore, along with the opportunity of learning about compositions by Shakespeare, Sappho, Sophocles, Plato, to inspect their thoughts in detail, and to understand their contradicted ideas- dreams of the future. Such account of acquaintance, enhanced with the facts of history, is an Enchantment. This sophisticated figure may be dear to the narrator in the same way Beatrice may be to Dante. It is only one of the many reasons why Emily Dickinson would call Antique Book a gentleman-like, where the contents of a volume either entice, reflect, intrigue, puzzle, or fascinate the narrator. The development of this metaphor may be compared with the process of reading and enjoying a book. It can also be seen as an acquaintance with a particular person. As when meeting the gentlemen, the narrator may acquire strong fascination for this person. Fascination of Emily Dickinson may be seen through diction, since it is evidently apleasureto meet and Antique Book. Further on, it is a venerable Hand to take and later it is His quaint opinions- to inspect. It seems as if the subject begins to fascinate the narrator and thus the conversation begins to be more intriguing. Here, then, Old Volume shake their Vellum Heads, thus tantalizing -just so- The encounter leaves the narrator with only the wish and that is to hear more. Undoubtedly, the same concept can be addressed to  an act of reading a book. The acquaintance is then with an interesting book which one reads on to inspect its contents over and over, filled with radical but inspiring ideas. It can be said in overall that the point of interest in this poem arises from the first stanza to the last. Such usage of an extended metaphor and also other literary elements is meant to reveal the theme. What especially underlines the extended metaphor and thus helps to reflect narrators fascinating and exciting account is the use of allusion, diction, iambic pentameter in the poem, and also such elements as assonance and consonance. Basically, a reference to some of the great people in history is intended to be an aspect of the extended metaphor, which personifies The Antique Book, and is an allusion to the great philosophers, poets, and playwrights. Iambic pentameter is a significant tool because it, though seemingly plain and simple as an element, may convey numerous things, ideas that prosperous elegance is admired. Emily Dickinson also uses slant rhyme that might add to the effect of the poem, created as a bit formal but still a bit irregular. It can produce the same effect a book must produce on the narrator in this poem. In turn, assonance and consonance help to distinguish the key ideas in the poem. Though not many, Emily Dickinson uses consonance to connect the words such as theme, mutual and mind. Also assonance is used in words venerable Hand to take, repeating the vowel sound to emphasize, especially, the privilege behind this act. Referring to all the literary elements Emily Dickinson uses, it must be that otherwise understanding of the poem may have become convoluted. Consequently the poem thoroughly can be analyzed to trace the elements essential to the theme. It is very important to use such elements where poem may otherwise be seen pointless. In the poem #371, Emily Dickinson effectively reflects on her feelings thus enabling the poem to be intriguing, as the book is to the narrator. It may be true that Emily, as an author, gets her ideas, such a strange at the time and a curious at others embodied in a poetic form, from the sort of Old Volume as the one described in the poem. If so, this correlation may help suggest a message of a broader issue reflected in this poem.

We Can Stop Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Chang

We Can Stop Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowadays, the earth is presenting drastic changes. There are different factors that have influenced to provoke these changes. The man is one if not the main responsible. With the modern world and its speed in which life is developed everyday, the man may not sometimes think of a long-term harm that is provoking. It has been recognized that human activity is slowly increasing the atmospheric concentration of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the colloquial term to refer to enhanced global warming. The green house effect is what keeps the earth habitable, without the greenhouse effect the temperatures would be too cold for human live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past 100 years, global temperatures have increased by about one degree Fahrenheit, with the 1990s to date the warmest decade on record, according to NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Scientists predict that, unless greenhouse gases emissions are reduced substantially, Earth’s average global temperature will rise by two to six degrees by the next century. Since people are causing global warming, they can also prevent it from getting worse or to stop it at all. To prevent global warming we must reduce usage of greenhouse gases emissions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a vital source to the greenhouse effect. Humans have made buildings and machines that release CO2 into the air. Large amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere causes more heat to be...

“A Case for Torture” by Michael Levin Essay

â€Å"The Case for Torture† by Michael Levin, presents excellent justification for the use of torture in situations of extreme desperation. Levin gives great arguments for the use of torture through clever wording and great exemplification. In supplement to the already great argument, he provides potential counter-arguments and proves why they are invalid. It is made very clear that he believes that torture is morally mandatory and makes great effort to sway the opinion of readers, provided they keep an open mind. Levin presents a great argument and presents the ideas in an organized fashion, but as with many essays, it is not without flaw and could use some minor changes to make this great essay into a incredible essay. The format of the introduction of Levin’s essay is somewhat unusual. It begins with a few powerful statements, but the very first statement violates a rule of literature, inclusion of an unsupported fact. Levin says,† It is generally assumed that torture is impermissible, a throwback to a more brutal age.† Not only is the statement a generalization, he is saying that something is generally assumed, but he does not say whom it is assumed by. So who generally assumes it? It seems it is more of a mistake of wording because he is the one who is assuming that generally people think torture is wrong, therefore the essay should read that way because the last thing one should do is start off on the wrong foot. The essay truly lacks any real lead-in or background. The essay just jumps right into the real issues without introducing them or explaining why it was even written in the first place. The reason for the essay is not the real issue though. The issue is that it lacks background because it doesn’t appear that Levin is actually arguing against another point of view. Last I knew, an argument required two points of view to start with, but as I read the introduction it doesn’t seem he has an opponent to win favor over. Without question it is obvious that the paper is about torture, but the introduction does not introduce the main ideas as clearly as it should introduce them. Upon reading the body of the essay, it also comes off as unfinished. The paragraphs in the essay do not seem to flow together, but rather jump from  one point to the next. While the paragraphs may be about the same topic overall, the transition between minor points is somewhat abrupt and adds to the essay’s unfinished feel. Another point of interest is Levin’s inclusion of two subtitles; however, the subtitles are not complete. The first subtitle reads, â€Å"Death†, but the following paragraph does not discuss death. With â€Å"Death† being the subtitle, it seems that’s what the paragraph would be about. The next and last subtitle reads, â€Å"Idealism†, and accordingly that is what the following paragraph is about, but why does that paragraph gets a subtitle and the previous do not is a mystery because they are all about something different as they should be. It seems to be another oversight that also adds to the essay’s unfinished quality. Though the essay has its flaws, it is not without strong points. Levin’s great use of examples through hypothetical situations really brings the reader in and aids in his quest to change their point of view. The examples themselves do not make the essay; however, it’s clear they are greatly assisted by the excellent use of vocabulary and clever wording. Levin does a great job of using powerful words, it makes the essay seem more credible and creates a feeling that the writer really knows what he’s talking about. Why that may or may not be the case, it can be said that Levin really knows how to write a good persuasive argument; however, his oversights deduct from what could be an incredible persuasive essay. The overall impression of the essay was good. It seemed the argument itself was well though out, but the actual writing itself was what most needed work. Without a doubt, Levin’s essay presents some very valid facts and they are rather well supported in most cases; however, to make a strong argument you need support on every level. Not only do all the facts need to be organized and well developed, but the writing does as well. As previously stated, it is clear that Levin really knows how to write a good persuasive argument; however, his oversights deduct from what could be an incredible persuasive essay.

Hurricane Katrina Essay

Crisis and Disasters On August 23, 2005 the tropical depression 12 formed in the Caribbean then it rapidly became tropical storm Katrina on August 24, 2005 as it drifted toward southern Florida. Then on August 25 it strengthened into hurricane Katrina. No one at this time had any idea of what was coming, that this would be on the five deadliest hurricanes in Untied States History. Resulting in the death of around 1, 820 people. From the Gulf coast along Florida to Texas much damage was caused from storm surge. The main amount of damage was in New Orleans, Louisiana which flooded due to levee systems failing, resulting in 80% of the city being flooded and the flood waters lasted for weeks, destroying homes, buildings, and entire communities. . Hurricane Katrina began in the Bahamas on August 23 and as it made it was into southern Florida it became a category 1 hurricane before it grew rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. In the Gulf in became a category 5 hurricane but weakened before it hit southern Louisiana on August 29 becoming a category 3 hurricane. In just 9 hours the storm went from a category 3 to a category 5 hurricane, this was due to the storms movements over the warm waters of the loop current, which increased the wind speeds of the hurricane. On August 26, the National Guard was activated in Mississippi to help prepare for the oncoming storm. The next day the state activated its Emergency Operations center along with 57 other emergency shelters opened along the coastline and evacuation orders were put into effect. Louisiana’s hurricane evacuation plan calls for local governments in areas along and near the coast to evacuate in three phases, starting with the immediate coast 50 hours before the start of tropical storm force winds. Persons in areas designated Phase II begin evacuating 40 hours before the onset of tropical storm winds and those in Phase III areas (including New Orleans) evacuate 30 hours before the start of such winds although many people at the time were unwilling to evacuate due to the fact they didn’t want to leave their homes, business, or even pets. Many private facilities that relied to bus companies and ambulance services to evacuate people failed due to the fact that they waited too long. This happened when the Governor did not sign an emergency waiver to allow licensed drivers to transport evacuees on  school buses. On August 27, George W. Bush, President of the United States, declared a state of emergency in certain areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. On August 28 almost all infrastructe had been shut down along the coast making it even harder to evacuate people. On the morning of August 28 with winds up to 175 mph and category 5 statues it hit Louisiana. On August 2 9 Katrina made its second landfall as a category 3 with winds up to 125mph near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana. Katrina’s third landfall was near the Louisiana/ Mississippi line as a category 3 hurricane with 120mph winds. After reaching Tennessee it was downgraded to a tropical depression and finally lost it’s power over the Great Lakes region. From the Gulf coast along Florida to Texas much damage was caused from storm surge. The main amount of damage was in New Orleans, Louisiana which flooded due to levee systems failing, resulting in 80% of the city being flooded and the flood waters lasted for weeks, destroying homes, buildings, and entire communities. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff said this was â€Å"probably the worst catastrophe, in the country’s history.† The aftermath from Katrina had many negative effects. The economic effects from the storm were the worst. The Bush Administration asked for 105 billion dollars in repairs and reconstruction for the area. Katrina destroyed 30 oil rings in the Gulf Coast and caused 9 to permeably close. Mi ssissippi’s forestry industry was affected being that 1.3 million acres of timber was destroyed, this was around 5 billion dollars worth of damage. Hundreds of thousands of people were left without jobs after Katrina. Hundreds of thousands of people were sent all across the United States to different shelter locations. The levee failures in New Orleans are accounted to be the worst civil engineering fail in U.S history and a lawsuit was filled against the U.S Army Corps of Engineers who built the levees by Judge Stanwood Duval but this was thrown out due to the sovereign immunity in the Flood Control Act of 1965. There was also another investigation of federal agencies which resulted in the resignation of FEMA director Michael D. Brown. On September 12, 2005 Brown resigned, stating that it was â€Å"in the best interest of the agency and best interest of the president.† Before his resignation Brown had already been taken away from his job as coordinator in federal efforts in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast by Homeland Security secretary Michael  Chertoff . It was been said that Brown was forced out of the administration rather that voluntarily resigning.. . Katrina destroyed many wildlife habitats and breeding grounds for marine mammals such as turtles, fish, birds, and many marshes for migrating ducks were destroyed. Seven million gallons of oil were leaked into the ocean. Many spills were cleaned up but some managed to leak into the ecosystem and some towns were even flooded with oil mixed waters. During the clean up, flood waters were pumped into Lake Pontchartrain, which took 43 days. Those waters contained many toxic things to wildlife such as bacteria, raw sewage, pesticides, toxic chemicals, and oil. Many citizens starting looting stores in New Orleans in search of food, water, and many other items for personal gain. The news media reported rapes, murders, thefts during this but many reports turned out to be inaccurate. The National Guard was sent in to restore order and over the first week that’s what they accomplished. The Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team was sent into Louisiana to to verify, document, and cha racterize deaths caused by hurricane Katrina. It was found that there were 971 Katrina-related deaths in Louisiana and 15 deaths among Katrina evacuees in other states. Drowning was the cause of (40% of deaths, injury and trauma caused 25% of deaths, and heart conditions caused 11% of the deaths that were the major causes of death among Louisiana victims. After hurricane Katrina many state, local, and federal agencies were aware of the serious devastation of the area but were unable to communicate with each other properly into order to coordinate a rescue response such as help citizens, provide law enforcement, and evacuate the rest of the city. During the first two days the federal government forces had no commutation with the states national guard . resulting in either agency being able to operate at full efficiency. No one had any idea what the other agency was doing or had already done. This resulted in the delay of many ground forces be assisted to the area. FEMA requested assistance from DOD not knowing what the National guard had already done to fill the same needs. This also resulted in no formal command relationship which caused confusion o n what jobs both sides need to do. The destruction of communications infrastructure made it impossible for emergency responders and citizens to communicate effectively. With 70 percent of the city’s  police officers being victims themselves there was not enough law enforcements to restore order. The Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security had to send it different agencies of law enforcement t to help the New Orleans police department . Many hospitals were destroyed during Katrina and with thousands of people needing assistance it was devastating. Most local and State public health and medical assets were overwhelmed by these conditions, placing even more responsibility on federal agencies.. The process for approval for the reimbursement for medical and public health services provided by Federal agencies created delays and frustrations among health care providers, patients and the general public. Triage was also a big factor during Hurricane Katrina considering the fact that the number of people needing help was much greater than the number of first responders. Many people needed to be rescued and were injured and with the conditions of the city it was a hard task to find people and be able to transport to them a care center. This was a long task considering first responders had to locate a victim, transport them somewhere for help, get back to the same area and keep looking only to repeat the process over and over. It was hard to pick and choose to would get help first considering the fact that only numbers of people would be found at a time. During Hurricane Katrina DMORT set up the Find Family National Call Center in Louisiana. This was the center of operations for finding the location and reuniting families that were separated during Hurricane Katrina. Out of 13,000 people that were missing, around 7,000 were reunited to their families thanks to the DMORTS operation. DMORT were given two missions during Hurricane Katrina. One was to set up a base camp for DMORT and the other was to set up a base camp for the 1600 person Urban Search and Rescue crew. Other duties were to set up temporary morgue facilities, do victim identification, forensic dental pathology on diseased bodies, processing, preparation of diseased bodies. One major thing that was learned during Hurricane Katrina is that during such a major disaster declaring a state of emergency and an evacuation of a area is not enough to reduce the amount of fatalities during a disaster. A big problem was that During Katrina many agencies had no ways to communicate and set up a chain of command in order to operate at full efficiency of their abilities. When it is known that a natural disaster is going to take place , the agencies that are going to respond being state or federal need   to know in advance in order to set up a plan for each agency so that no one is doing the same thing over. Good communication methods need be planned out before hand since this way such a major issue during Hurricane Katrina. Another major issue during Katrina was triage and the lack of first responders. Once it is known that a major disaster is about to take place local medical centers can not be relied on being that there is a great chance they can be destroyed or without any power as seen during hurricane Katrina. Centers need to be set up away from the danger area and transportation of these civilians need to be prepared in advance. Small issues that can lead into big problems such as the Governor during Katrina w did not sign an emergency waiver to allow licensed drivers to transport evacuees on school buses are objectives that need to be taken care of in advance to avoid such issues. Centers that are set up need to be well equipped and supplied to handle the amount to people that will be sent there. Organizations such as the American Red Cross should be asked in advance for their assistance, not after the disaster has already taken place. Assistance on how hospitals to get paid back by federal funds for their assistance should be taken care of during advance being that this was a major issue during Katrina. Federal teams that will be needed just be warned in advance for their assistance and be told to be on immediate standby. This should include professional search and rescue teams , the National Search and Rescue Response team, the National Guard, DMORT, Psychologists, EMS, Firefighter, state and federal police agencies, and DMAT should all be prepared .